What are the different types of passwords used in securing a CISCO router?

The five main passwords of the Cisco IOS are:

• Console
• Aux
• VTY
• Enable password
• Enable secret

you can use simple text based password or encrypted password-MD5.

http://www.techrepublic.com/article/setting-passwords-on-a-cisco-router/

this will help you

Console Password 

Enable Secret Password 

There are five types of password in Cisco IOS :

• Console
• Virtual Terminal (VTY)
• Auxiliary (AUX)
• Enable Password
• Enable Secret

Below are the types where we can give the password for securing the Routers and Switches

• Console
• Aux
• VTY
• Enable password
• Enable secret