What are Hard Disk sector , block , cluster , track , cylinder and head ?

in order to get maintain the organized storage and retrieval of data the platters are organized into specific structures. These specific structures include tracks, sectors, and clusters.

TRACKS: Each platter is broken into thousands of tightly packed concentric circles, known as tracks. These tracks resemble the structure of annual rings of a tree. All the information stored on the hard disk is recorded in tracks. Starting from zero at the outer side of the platter, the number of tracks goes on increasing to the inner side. Each track can hold a large amount of data counting to thousands of bytes.

SECTORS:Each track is further broken down into smaller units called sectors. As sector is the basic unit of data storage on a hard disk. A single track typically can have thousands of sectors and each sector can hold more than 512 bytes of data. A few additional bytes are required for control structures and error detection and correction.

CLUSTERS:Sectors are often grouped together to form Clusters.

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Heads

Every hard drive consists of platters and read-write heads. If a drive has four platters, it usually has eight read-write heads, one on the top and bottom of each platter. The head value is the number of read-write heads in the drive.

Cylinders

Each platter is divided into tracks. The cylinder value is the number of tracks on one side of each platter. There are the same number of cylinders on each side of each platter. The sector value is the number of sectors in each cylinder (or track), each sector consisting of (normally) 512 bytes.

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CHS

Disk Sector

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Cylinder-head-sector known as CHS it's a method for givng addresses to each physical block od data on HD, block are goup of sectors and the Clusters are the allocation units for data on various file systems

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Sector – A sector contains a fixed number of bytes, generally at least 512.

Cluster – A cluster is also called a file allocation unit. It is the smallest unit of space used for storing data. It is made up of one or more sectors.

Track – A track is one complete circle of data on one side of a hard drive platter. A track is broken into groups of sectors.

Cylinder – A cylinder is a stack of tracks lined up one on top of another to form a cylinder shape.

Drive mapping – Drive mapping is a letter assigned to a physical or logical drive.

a sector is a subdivision of a track on amagnetic disk or optical disc. Each sector stores a fixed amount of user-accessible data, traditionally 512 bytes for hard disk drives (HDDs) and 2048 bytes for CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs. 

A track is that portion of a disk which passes under a single stationary head during a disk rotation, a ring 1 bit wide

 cylinder is comprised of the set of tracks described by all the heads (on separate platters) at a single seek position. Each cylinder is equidistant from the center of the disk.