Alprazolam is primarily prescribed for the management of anxiety disorders, panic disorder, and occasionally for other conditions such as insomnia or certain seizure disorders. It is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant that works by enhancing the activity of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which has a calming effect on the brain. Alprazolam is available in various forms, including immediate-release tablets, extended-release tablets, and oral solutions. The dosage prescribed depends on factors such as the severity of the condition being treated, the individual's response to the medication, and any other medications they may be taking.
Alprazolam is typically prescribed for short-term use due to the risk of tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms with long-term use. It is often used to manage acute episodes of anxiety or panic attacks. Common side effects of alprazolam may include drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, blurred vision, headache, and dry mouth. More serious side effects such as respiratory depression, memory impairment, and paradoxical reactions.
Alprazolam has a high potential for both physical and psychological dependence, particularly with long-term use or misuse. Abrupt discontinuation of alprazolam can lead to withdrawal symptoms such as rebound anxiety, insomnia, irritability, muscle twitching, and seizures. Therefore, it is essential to taper off alprazolam gradually under the supervision of a healthcare professional if discontinuation is necessary.