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Two approaches can be used for setting objectives – the top-down approach and the bottom-up approach. There is often a conflict among management theorists as to which is the better method.
(a)
In the top-down approach, top-level managers determine objectives for subordinates to follow, while in the bottom-up approach, subordinates formulate objectives and present them to their superiors for approval
(b)
As per supporters of the top-down approach, the organization needs clarity in direction by way of corporate objectives set by the CEO and the board of directors
(c)
As per proponents of the bottom-up approach, top management should ascertain information from lower levels in the form of objectives
(d)
Either approach alone is insufficient
(e)
These approaches cannot be modified and there are hard and fast rules which indicate in which situation each approach should be used.
Agree with experts. thanks for invitation to answer the question
This essay will discuss the starting points, premises, and relative utility of the top-down and bottom-up approaches within policy implementation. I will account when the top-down and bottom-up approaches should be utilized depending on the nature of the policy and the task environment in which the policy is being implemented.
Discretion by agents is the underlying premise of the bottom-up approach Discretion may be a very good thing, especially when it uses expertise of people impacted by the policy to increase the likelihood of success and approbation. In bottom-up, one size doesn’t fit all cases, and so discretion may enable implementors to activate more useful practices or to ignore policy that will hamper the goal of the program
(e)
Both approaches are equally important and can be used according to the situation and can be modified depending on factors such as the size of the organization, the organization culture and the urgency of the plan. Hence, option (e) is not true.
(e) >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> These approaches cannot be modified and there are hard and fast rules which indicate in which situation each approach should be used.
I agree, e) is the answer .................................
(e).>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
These approaches cannot be modified and there are hard and fast rules which indicate in which situation each approach should be used
answer E _________________________
E agreed with experts ........................
E .....................................................................................................
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